Rest and Motion

Rest and motion are fundamental concepts in physics that describe an object’s state.

Rest:

1. An object is at rest when it is not moving.
2. Zero velocity (v = 0).
3. No change in position.

Motion:

1. An object is in motion when it changes its position.
2. Non-zero velocity (v ≠ 0).
3. Types:
   • Translational motion (straight line)
   • Rotational motion (circular)
   • Vibratory motion (back-and-forth)
   • Oscillatory motion (periodic)

Types of Motion:

1. Uniform motion (constant velocity)
2. Accelerated motion (changing velocity)
3. Decelerated motion (decreasing velocity)

Key Concepts:

1. Displacement (change in position)
2. Distance (total path traveled)
3. Speed (magnitude of velocity)
4. Velocity (directional speed)
5. Acceleration (rate of change of velocity)

Real-World Examples:

1. Car moving on a road (translational motion)
2. Merry-go-round (rotational motion)
3. Pendulum clock (oscillatory motion)
4. Falling object (accelerated motion)

Laws of Motion:

1. Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion.
2. Newton’s Second Law (F = ma): Force applied to an object changes its motion.
3. Newton’s Third Law (Action-Reaction): Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Equations:

1. v = Δx / Δt (velocity)
2. a = Δv / Δt (acceleration)
3. s = v0t + (1/2)at^2 (displacement)