Thermal properties of matter

Thermal Properties of Matter:

Thermal Properties

1. Temperature: Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
2. Heat: Form of energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.
3. Specific Heat Capacity: Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree
4. Celsius (or Kelvin).
5. Thermal Conductivity: Ability of a material to conduct heat energy.
6. Thermal Expansion: Increase in size of a substance due to an increase in temperature.

Types of Thermal Expansion

1. Linear Expansion: Increase in length of a substance.
2. Area Expansion: Increase in area of a substance.
3. Volume Expansion: Increase in volume of a substance.

Anomalous Expansion of Water

• Water expands when heated from 0°C to 4°C.
• Water contracts when heated from 4°C to 100°C.

Applications of Thermal Properties

1. Thermometers: Measure temperature using thermal expansion.
2. Heat Engines: Convert thermal energy into mechanical energy.
3. Refrigeration: Transfer heat energy from one system to another.
4. Cooking: Apply thermal energy to prepare food.